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Brain development is most rapid in the early stages of a child's life. When the quality of stimulation, support and nurture is lacking, there can be detrimental effects on overall development. Early years from 3 to 6 years are the most important time for brain development in learners.
Early education during childhood develops good habits, socialization, emotional resilience, lifelong love of learning, literacy and numeracy skills to create a successful future.
Montessori is a method of education that is based on self-directed activity, hands-on learning and collaborative play. In Montessori classrooms children make creative choices in their learning, while the classroom and the highly trained teacher offer age-appropriate activities to guide the process. Children work in groups and individually to discover and explore knowledge of the world and develop their maximum potential.
The brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body. No part of the brain will change unless it is activated by stimulation from the environment. Training the brain during the first 12 years matters and lasts for a lifetime, which shapes perceptual and cognitive ability, physical and mental ability, behaviour and performance. The development of the brain during this time determines what they become and how they behave in the future. There are similarities between how the brain develops and the mechanisms responsible for altering the connections between nerve cells later on -a process called neuronal plasticity. The early years of a child's life are critical for learning and development.
The best way is to engage a child actively through everyday activities like painting and craft activities. These activities encourage children to think ahead, recognise patterns and make decisions while all wrapped up in a package of fun! Multi-sensory learning is a powerful tool. Engaging multiple senses in the learning process engages multiple areas of the brain. Multisensory stimulation and input will be more effective and should lead to multiple representations, which in theory should strengthen learning. Sensory stimulation, especially touch, is critical for the development of brain structure and function in very young children. The experience that is repetitive, patterned and consistent is represented by strong neural connections. All learning (emotional, social, motor and cognitive) is accelerated by play. Children's natural curiosity, a neurobiological feature, drives exploratory play, which expands children's experience, stimulating neural activity and changes in the neural networks and their sophistication.
A mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both when a person performs an action and when the person observes an action performed by another. Hence, it is asserted that it is through the mirror neuron system that children develop the ability to understand the actions of others, to imitate and to teach others. Children develop dispositions for learning such as curiosity, cooperation, confidence, creativity, commitment, enthusiasm, persistence, imagination and reflexivity during the early stage. While learning through play, children develop a range of skills and processes such as problem solving, inquiry, experimentation, hypothesising, researching, investigating and respond to diversity with respect.
Technology use is on the rise in other age groups as well, not just adolescents. Research suggests that preschoolers become familiar with digital devices before they are exposed to books. International trends are pointing to increases in use and younger ages of first access. The ubiquity of technology in today's society and the importance of this issue for policy and practice, it is essential to understand the impacts of technology use on the developing brains and bodies of children in the 21st-century in order to guide policy delineating safe and effective use.
Childhood and adolescence are periods of rapid development and maturation. During the first three years of life, a child's brain may create over 1 million new connections per second, which is essential for the development of various functions such as hearing, language and cognition. These create the foundation for higher order functions, especially those formed in adolescence, as many neural networks underlying things such as decision making mature during this time.
Education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, developing an equitable & just society and promoting national development. Providing universal access to quality education is the key to India's continued ascent and leadership on the global stage in terms of economic growth, social justice and equality, scientific advancement, national integration and cultural preservation.
According to NEP 2020 (National Education Policy), skills such as, Scientific & Evidence-based Thinking, Problem Solving and Logical Reasoning, Creativity and Innovation, Collaboration & Teamwork are to be instilled through Puzzles & Games and Play & Activity-based Experiential Learning including arts-integrated, sports-integrated and story-telling-based pedagogy.
